Skin

*All pricing subject to additional charges for extra time and/or extra product required. Please book consultation for more detailed pricing. Pricing varies by service provider, based upon service provider availability due to client demand, level of education and experience.

At Adagio For Hair, we offer a tiered Level System of esthetician & pricing to accommodate all budgets, preferences and schedules. Our level system is based on the demand each esthetician has earned on their time. Need help finding the right esthetician for you? Visit Our Team page for bios and social links where you can find photos of their work.

FACIALS
Adagio Signature Facial

$221+

$226+

$231+

$236+

$241+

THIS ADAGIO FAVORITE IS DESIGNED TO HYDRATE, PLUMP AND REJUVENATE THE SKIN. INCLUDES EXFOLIATION WITH A VITAMIN C EXFOLIANT, EXTRA FACIAL MASSAGE, AND A HYDROJELLY COOLING MASK WITH A COLD GLOBE MASSAGE TO SOOTHE AND TONE THE SKIN. A CUSTOM BLEND OF TREATMENT SERUM(S) AND MOISTURIZER IS THEN APPLIED TO QUENCH THE SKIN, AND FINALLY FINISHED WITH SPF PROTECTION.
75 MINUTES
(Recommended Add On: LED Light Therapy)
CLASSIC FACIAL

$132+

$139+

$146+

$153+

$160+

A LUXURIOUS FACIAL CUSTOMIZED TO TREAT YOUR INDIVIDUAL SKIN CARE CONCERNS. INCLUDES DEEP CLEANSING, EXTRACTION, CUSTOM TREATMENT SERUM, AND SPF.
50 MINUTES
(Recommended Add Ons: Hydrojelly Mask; Retinol Masque; LED Light Therapy)
CLASSIC EXPRESS FACIAL

$74+

$79+

$84+

$89+

$94+

OPTIMUM RESULTS IN MINIMAL TIME. CUSTOMIZED FOR YOUR INDIVIDUAL SKIN CARE CONCERNS. INCLUDES DEEP CLEANSE, EXFOLIANT OR TREATMENT MASK, FINISHING SERUM, AND SPF.
30 MINUTES
CLASSIC BACK FACIAL

$182+

$192+

$202+

$212+

$222+

CUSTOMIZED CLEANSING AND EXFOLIATION OF THE BACK, FOLLOWED BY EXTRACTIONS AND A CUSTOM TREATMENT MASQUE TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN THE SKIN.
75 MINUTES
FACIAL ADD ONS
HYDROJELLY MASK
$37 FOR ALL LEVELS

THIS SOOTHING MASK IS THE PERFECT ADDITION TO ANY FACIAL SERVICE TO COOL THE SKIN AND IMPROVE HYDRATION.

RETINOL MASQUE
$35.00 FOR ALL LEVELS

60 Minutes – Age Defying contains 15% Vitamin C, seaweed and thermal organic mud to reverse signs of aging and energize skin. Perfect for photo damaged skin

RETINOL SEAL
$40.00 FOR ALL LEVELS

AN ADDED LAYER OF LIRA CLINICAL’S MINERAL RETINOL SOLUTION IS LEFT ON THE SKIN FOR MAXIMUM PEELING BENEFITS.

LED LIGHT THERAPY
$55 FOR ALL LEVELS

 PROFESSIONAL STRENGTH LED LIGHT THERAPY CONVERTS INTO CELLULAR ENERGY TO SOFTEN FULL FACE WRINKLES AND CALM ACNE OR INFLAMMATION. CHOOSE FROM RED OR BLUE LIGHT. 

PEEL (1 SOLUTION)
$42 FOR ALL LEVELS

THE ADDITION OF ONE LIRA CLINICAL PEEL SOLUTION TO OPTIMIZE RESULTS. 

PEEL (2 SOLUTIONS)
$67 FOR ALL LEVELS

THE ADDITION OF TWO LIRA CLINICAL PEEL SOLUTIONS TO OPTIMIZE RESULTS.

DERMAPLANE ADD ON
$67 FOR ALL LEVELS

DERMAPLANING IS A SKIN TREATMENT THAT USES AN EXFOLIATING BLADE TO REMOVE DEAD SKIN CELLS AND VELLUS HAIR FROM THE FACE. GREAT FOR ANY SKIN TYPE, EXCEPT ACTIVE ACNE OR VERY SENSITIVE. 

MICRODERMABRASION ADD ON
$47 FOR ALL LEVELS

MICRODERMABRASION IS A MINIMALLY INVASIVE RESURFACING TREATMENT THAT USES SUCTION WITH A TEXTURED TIP TO SLOUGH AWAY UNEVEN SKIN TEXTURE.

RESURFACERS & PEELS
THE ADAGIO MICROPEEL

$177+​

$182+​

$187+​

$192+​

$197+​

AN ADAGIO FAVORITE! THIS TREATMENT COMBINES MICRODERMABRASION WITH A BRIGHTENING PEEL CONTAINING VITAMIN C AND MANDELIC ACID FOR INTENSE LIGHTENING, TIGHTENING, AND HYDRATION. INCLUDES EXTRACTION, CUSTOM TREATMENT MASQUE, FINISHING SERUM, AND SPF.
50 MINUTES
(Recommended upgrade: Hydrojelly Mask ; LED Light Therapy)
CLASSIC DERMAPLANE FACIAL

$172+​

$177+​

$182+​

$187+​

$192+​

DERMAPLANING IS A SKIN TREATMENT THAT USES AN EXFOLIATING BLADE TO REMOVE DEAD SKIN CELLS AND VELLUS HAIR FROM THE FACE. GREAT FOR ANY SKIN TYPE, EXCEPT ACTIVE ACNE OR VERY SENSITIVE. INCLUDES DERMAPLANE, EXTRACTION, CUSTOM TREATMENT MASQUE, FINISHING SERUM, AND SPF.
50 MINUTES
(Recommended add ons: Hydrojelly Mask ; LED Light Therapy)
EXPRESS DERMAPLANE FACIAL

$110+

$115+

$120+

$125+

$130+

DERMAPLANING IS A SKIN TREATMENT THAT USES AN EXFOLIATING BLADE TO REMOVE DEAD SKIN CELLS AND VELLUS HAIR FROM THE FACE. GREAT FOR ANY SKIN TYPE, EXCEPT ACTIVE ACNE OR VERY SENSITIVE. INCLUDES DERMAPLANE, FINISHING SERUM, AND SPF.
30 MINUTES
CLASSIC MICRODERMABRASION FACIAL

$151+

$157+

$163+

$169+

$175+

MICRODERMABRASION IS A MINIMALLY INVASIVE RESURFACING TREATMENT THAT USES SUCTION WITH A TEXTURED TIP TO SLOUGH AWAY DULL, UNEVEN SKIN TEXTURE. INCLUDES MICRODERMABRASION, EXTRACTION, CUSTOM TREATMENT MASQUE, FINISHING SERUM, AND SPF.
50 MINUTES
(Recommended add ons: Hydrojelly Mask ; LED Light Therapy)
EXPRESS MICRODERMABRASION FACIAL

$100+

$105+

$110+

$115+

$120+

MICRODERMABRASION IS A MINIMALLY INVASIVE RESURFACING TREATMENT THAT USES SUCTION WITH A TEXTURED TIP TO SLOUGH AWAY DULL, UNEVEN SKIN TEXTURE. INCLUDES MICRODERMABRASION, FINISHING SERUM, AND SPF.
30 MINUTES
CUSTOMIZED CHEMICAL PEEL
(CONSULTATION REQUIRED)

$167+

$172+

$177+

$182+

$187+

THIS RESURFACING TREATMENT TREATS A VARIETY OF SKINCARE CONCERNS, INCLUDING PIGMENTATION, ACNE, AGING, AND MELASMA. A CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED TO SELECT THE BEST PEEL SOLUTION FOR YOUR SKIN CONCERNS. INCLUDES EXTRACTION, CUSTOM TREATMENT MASK AND FACIAL MASSAGE.
50 MINUTES
(Recommended add ons: Retinol Masque; Retinol Seal)
EXPRESS CHEMICAL PEEL
(CONSULTATION REQUIRED)

$120+

$126+

$132+

$138+

$144+

THIS QUICK, “LUNCH TIME,” EXPRESS RESURFACING TREATMENT TREATS A VARIETY OF SKINCARE CONCERNS, INCLUDING PIGMENTATION, ACNE, AGING, AND MELASMA. A CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED TO SELECT THE BEST PEEL SOLUTION FOR YOUR SKIN CONCERNS. INCLUDES PEEL, FINISHING SERUMS AND SPF.
30 MINUTES
(Recommended Add ons: Retinol Seal)

ANTI AGING ENHANCED PEEL
(CONSULTATION REQUIRED)

$205+

$211+

$217+

$223+

$229+

ENHANCED ANTI AGING PEEL FEATURING ONE OF LIRA CLINICAL’S SIGNATURE PEEL SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE FINE LINES, WRINKLES, PIGMENTATION, ACNE, OR OTHER SKIN CARE CONCERNS. YOUR ESTHETICIAN WILL CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE PEEL SOLUTION(S) FOR YOUR SKIN’S INDIVIDUAL NEEDS. MODERATE TO DEEP PEELING IS EXPECTED WITH THIS TREATMENT.
PRE AND POST TREATMENT CARE IS REQUIRED. THIS TREATMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR ONLINE BOOKING. PLEASE CALL TO SCHEDULE A FREE CONSULTATION.
(Recommended Add ons: Retinol Masque; Retinol Seal)
HYDRAFACIAL
SIGNATURE HYDRAFACIAL

$199.00 FOR ALL LEVELS

30 MINUTE SIGNATURE HYDRAFACIAL TO DEEPLY CLEANSE, EXTRACT, AND HYDRATE THE SKIN THROUGH OUR SUPER SERUMS FILLED WITH ANTIOXIDANTS, PEPTIDES, AND HYALURONIC ACID.
30 MINUTES
DELUXE HYDRAFACIAL

$255.00 FOR ALL LEVELS

THIS 45 MINUTE INVIGORATING TREATMENT INCLUDES ALL OF THE ESSENTIALS OF THE SIGNATURE HYDRAFACIAL WHILE ADDRESSING SPECIFIC SKIN CONCERNS THROUGH HYDRAFACIAL’S BOOSTERS AND LED LIGHT THERAPY.
45 MINUTES
PLATINUM HYDRAFACIAL

$325.00 FOR ALL LEVELS

THE ULTIMATE HYDRAFACIAL EXPERIENCE BEGINS THE DETOXIFICATION PROCESS WITH LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE, FOLLOWED WITH THE SIGNATURE HYDRAFACIAL TO DEEPLY CLEANSE, EXTRACT AND HYDRATE THE SKIN. TREAT SKIN CONCERNS WITH A BOOSTER CHOSEN FOR YOUR SKIN TYPE. THIS TREATMENT CONCLUDES WITH LED LIGHT THERAPY TO FURTHER REDUCE THE VISIBLE SIGNS OF AGING.
60 MINUTES
SIGNATURE FULL BACK HYDRAFACIAL

$299.00 FOR ALL LEVELS

DEEPLY CLEANSE, EXTRACT, AND HYDRATE THE SKIN OF THE ENTIRE BACK THROUGH SUPER SERUMS FILLED WITH ANTIOXIDANTS, PEPTIDES, AND HYALURONIC ACID.
45 MINUTES
SIGNATURE HALF BACK HYDRAFACIAL

$249.00 FOR ALL LEVELS

DEEPLY CLEANSE, EXTRACT, AND HYDRATE THE SKIN OF THE UPPER OR LOWER BACK THROUGH SUPER SERUMS FILLED WITH ANTIOXIDANTS, PEPTIDES, AND HYALURONIC ACID.
30 MINUTES
Waxing
Brow Shaping

$31+

$35+

$39+

$43+

$47+

Eyebrow wax that helps reshape the current form of the eyebrows to accentuate facial features

Brow Up Keep

$26+

$29+

$32+

$35+

$38+

Clean up of stray hairs above or below the eyebrow
Lip

$14+

$16+

$18+

$20+

$22+

Removal of any unwanted hair on the upper lip
Chin

$14+

$16+​

$18+​

$20+​

$22+​

Removal of hair starting from the bottom lip and down the front of the neck
Nose

$13+

$14.00+

$16.00+

$18.00+

$20.00+

A quick two step process of removing visible hair from the opening of the nostrils.
Full Face w/o brows

$46+

$48+

$50+

$52+

$54+

Removal of all hair on the face including sides of the face and neck
Sides of Face

$23+

$27+

$31+

$35+

$39+

Removal of unwanted hair sideburns and side of neck
Full Face with Brows

$58+

$62+

$66+

$70+

$74+

Removal of all hair on the face and includes brow wax
Underarm

$29+

$33+

$37+

$41+

$45+

Removal of all hair under the arms
Basic Bikini

$40+

$45+

$50+

$55+

$60+

Removal of all visible hair outside of bikini bottoms or undergarments
Extended Bikini

$50+

$55+

$60+

$65+

$70+

Taking the Bikini line inward one inch more than a standard bikini
Brazilian

$72+

$76+

$80+

$84+

$88+

Removal of hair from the front to back with little to no hair on the pubic area
Arms - Half

$44+

$49+

$54+

$59+

$64+

Removal of hair starting from the top of the hand to above the elbow
Arms - Full

$52+

$57+

$62+

$67+

$72+

Removal of Hair on both arms including the tops of the shoulders
Hands
$18.00+
Legs - Half

$49+

$54+

$59+

$64+

$69+

Removal of the hair from the knee down the tops of the feet
Legs - Full

$81+

$87+

$93+

$99+

$105+

Removal of all hair on legs up to the buttocks
Back - Upper

$33+

$38+

$43+

$48+

$53+

Back - Lower

$27+

$32+

$37+

$42+

$47+

Stomach - Strip

$18+

$23+

$28+

$33+

$38+

Stomach - Full

$40+

$46+

$52+

$58+

$64+

Chest - Strip

$30+

$35+

$40+

$45+

$50+

Chest - Full

$42+

$49+

$56+

$63+

$70+

Shoulders

$31+

$34+

$37+

$40+

$43+

Toes
$18.00+
Enhancements
Brow Tint
$31.00+
Tinting of Eyelashes
Brow Lamination
$91.00+

Smoothing and Straightening of Brows

Brow Lamination & Tint
$122.00+
Brow Lamination, Wax & Tint
$149.00+
Lash Lift & Tint
$120.00+
Mimics the effect of an eyelash curler,makes your lashes bend upwards.Lash tint is similar to applying several coats of mascara.
BROW AND LASH ENHANCEMENTS
BROW TINT

$34+

$38+

$42+

$46+

$50+

Customized brow enhancement.
BROW SHAPING & TINT

$54+

$59+

$64+

$69+

$74+

Brow shaping and customized brow enhancement
FULL FACE WAX WITH BROW SHAPING & TINT

$79+

$84+

$89+

$94+

$99+

Full face wax, brow shaping, and customized brow enhancement.
BROW LAMINATION

$126+

$131+

$136+

$141+

$146+

Includes lamination, tint, and wax.
LASH TINT

$43+

$48+

$53+

$58+

$63+

LASH LIFT

$134+

$144+

$154+

$164+

$174+

Includes lash lift and tint.
Lashes
NEW GUEST Classic Eyelash Extension Set
$100.00+
Classic set, full set, first appointment only! Takes up to two hours. Classic lashes are a ratio of one lash extension to one natural lash.
Eyelash Extension 2 Week Classic Fill
$65.00+
2 weeks from application or less
Eyelash Extension 3 Week Classic Fill
$80.00+
From 2 week application date up to 3 weeks from application
Eyelash Extension Classic Re-Touch
$35.00+
A quick filler appointment. Not time for your two week fill. Classic lashes. ONLY AVAILABLE BEFORE THE ONE WEEK MARK.
New Guest Eyelash Extension Volume Set
$130.00+
Full set of volume lashes, first appointment ONLY! Takes 2 hours. Volume extensions are when multiple lash extensions are placed on one natural lash.
Eyelash Extension 2 Week Volume Fill
$85.00+
2 weeks from application or less
Eyelash Extension 3 Week Volume Fill
$99.00+
From 2 week application date up to 3 weeks from application
Volume Eyelash Extension Re-Touch
$55.00+
This is meant as a quick filler appointment This re-touch is for volume lashes. ONLY AVAILABLE BEFORE THE ONE WEEK MARK.
Eyelash Extension Hybrid Set
$120.00+
Full set of lashes. Hybrid includes both the classic and volume technique.
Eyelash Extension 2 Week Hybrid Fill
$75.00+
A combination of classic singles and volume fans to create a wispy and dark lash set.2 weeks from application or less
Eyelash Extension 3 Week Hybrid Fill
$90.00+
From 2 week application date up to 3 weeks from application
Lash Extension Removal
$35.00+
Subject to extra time/product charges
Lash Lift
$99.00+
The Lash Lift instantly gives lashes, lift, separation, and extra definition without the use of extensions or any harmful chemicals. A semi permanent mascara finish darkens the lashes as well.
Brow Conditioning
$15.00+
Eyelash conditioner is any mixture of oils, humectants, or moisturizers used on lashes to condition them and keep them healthy. Typically a lash serum product
Lash Conditioning
$20.00+
An conditioner that helps beautify and enhance the look of bold, defined brows.
Hydro Gel Eye Patch
$18.00+
Bella’s Hydrogel Patches are formulated with Grapefruit, Lotus Flower, and Prunus Mume Fruit Extracts to moisturize, prevent breakouts, and hydrate delicate under-eye skin. Soothe and nourish to keep your skin luminous and hydrated.
Collagen Infused Eye Patch
$15.00+
Bella’s Lint Free Gel Patches are used to soothe and hydrate sensitive skin beneath the eyes. Specifically formulated for eyelash extension application, these patches hold firm to the skin.
FACIALS
Adagio Signature Facial

$215.00+

$220.00+

$225.00+

$230.00+

$235.00+

THIS ADAGIO FAVORITE IS DESIGNED TO HYDRATE, PLUMP AND REJUVENATE THE SKIN. INCLUDES EXFOLIATION WITH A VITAMIN C EXFOLIANT, EXTRA FACIAL MASSAGE, AND A HYDROJELLY COOLING MASK WITH A COLD GLOBE MASSAGE TO SOOTHE AND TONE THE SKIN. A CUSTOM BLEND OF TREATMENT SERUM(S) AND MOISTURIZER IS THEN APPLIED TO QUENCH THE SKIN, AND FINALLY FINISHED WITH SPF PROTECTION.
75 MINUTES
(Recommended Add On: LED Light Therapy)
CLASSIC FACIAL

$117.00+

$122.00+

$127.00+

$132.00+

$137.00+

A LUXURIOUS FACIAL CUSTOMIZED TO TREAT YOUR INDIVIDUAL SKIN CARE CONCERNS. INCLUDES DEEP CLEANSING, EXTRACTION, CUSTOM TREATMENT SERUM, AND SPF.
50 MINUTES
(Recommended Add Ons: Hydrojelly Mask; Retinol Masque; LED Light Therapy)
CLASSIC EXPRESS FACIAL

$72.00+

$77.00+

$82.00+

$87.00+

$92.00+

OPTIMUM RESULTS IN MINIMAL TIME. CUSTOMIZED FOR YOUR INDIVIDUAL SKIN CARE CONCERNS. INCLUDES DEEP CLEANSE, EXFOLIANT OR TREATMENT MASK, FINISHING SERUM, AND SPF.
30 MINUTES
CLASSIC BACK FACIAL

$177.00+

$187.00+

$197.00+

$207.00+

$217.00+

CUSTOMIZED CLEANSING AND EXFOLIATION OF THE BACK, FOLLOWED BY EXTRACTIONS AND A CUSTOM TREATMENT MASQUE TO SMOOTH AND SOFTEN THE SKIN.
75 MINUTES
Adagio Signature Facial / Peel- Express
$65.00+
30 Minutes – Optimum results in minimal time. Customized for skin care needs
Clinical Facials
Hydrating & Lifting
$165 .00+
60 Minutes – Restores skin and creates a youthful and tightened look. Perfect for special occasions
Illuminating & Rejuvenating
$170.00+

60 Minutes – Age Defying contains 15% Vitamin C, seaweed and thermal organic mud to reverse signs of aging and energize skin. Perfect for photo damaged skin

Anti Aging
$185.00+

75 Minutes – Innovative & Non Invasive Botinol focuses on expression lines. Instant and long lasting results. Younger skin and alternative to Botox or Dysport

Plumping Collagen
$195.00+

90 Minutes – Exclusive & highly acclaimed intense rejuvenation dramatically reduces fine lines and wrinkles. Non Invasive alternative to JUVÉDERM & Restalyne

Clinical Facial Series
Hydrating & Lifting
$660 .00+

FOUR 60 MINUTE SESSIONS

Restores skin and creates a youthful and tightened look. Perfect for special occasions

Illuminating & Rejuvenating
$680.00+

FOUR 60 MINUTE SESSIONS

Age Defying contains 15% Vitamin C, seaweed and thermal organic mud to reverse signs of aging and energize skin. Perfect for photo damaged skin

Anti Aging
$740.00+

FOUR 75 MINUTE SESSIONS

Innovative & Non Invasive Botinol focuses on expression lines. Instant and long lasting results. Younger skin and alternative to Botox or Dysport

Plumping Collagen
$780.00+

FIVE 90 MINUTE SESSIONS

Exclusive & highly acclaimed intense rejuvenation dramatically reduces fine lines and wrinkles. Non Invasive alternative to JUVÉDERM & Restalyne

Hydrafacial
Signature Hydrafacial
$199.00+
30 minute Signature Hydrafacial to deeply cleanse, extract, and hydrate the skin through our super serums filled with antioxidants, peptides, and hyaluronic acid.
Deluxe Hydrafacial
$255.00+
This 45 minute invigorating treatment includes all of the essentials of the Signature HydraFacial while addressing specific skin concerns through HydraFacial’s boosters and LED light therapy.
Platinum Hydrafacial
$325.00+
The ultimate HydraFacial experience begins the detoxification process with Lymphatic Drainage, followed with the Signature HydraFacial to deeply cleanse, extract and hydrate the skin. Treat skin concerns with a booster chosen for your skin type. This treatment concludes with LED Light Therapy to further reduce the visible signs of aging.
Chemical Peel Series
Glowing, Age Defying or Purifying
$356.00+
4 Weeks – Next level exfoliation at a 30% formulation to reveal brighter and more luminous skin
Add Ons
Microdermabrasion Upgrade
$39.00+

Noninvasive skin resurfacing procedure. Polishing, stimulates Collagen, smoothing. Upgrade for any facial

Chemical Peel Upgrade
$24.00+
Next level exfoliation at a 30% formulation to reveal brighter and more luminous skin
Collagen Sublime Eye Contour Upgrade
$29.00+
Dramatically reduces dark circles, puffiness, fine lines and wrinkles
New Talent Stylist – We employ only the “best in class” recently licensed Cosmetologists to join our Associate Training program. Currently enrolled in our post graduate training program, this young professional is being mentored by our Senior and Master Stylists, please allow ample time as services with our New Talent Stylists do take longer. 

Studio Stylist – Successfully completing Adagio For Hair Associate Training Program, our Studio Stylist is proficiently offering all salon services. Further developing their skill sets, through continued education, our Studio Stylists focus is learning advanced techniques and trends. Studio Stylists usually have more availability as they are building a loyal and happy client base. 

Advanced Stylist – Has achieved advanced certification techniques in cutting, styling and coloring hair. They have extensive knowledge in all salon services and are pursuing more challenging skill sets such as corrective color and advanced highlighting techniques, tips and trends. Advanced Stylists have less availability as they have established a loyal client base.

Senior Stylist – Senior hair stylists typically fill the middle tier of the stylist hierarchy. Having invested time learning more about their craft. Senior Stylists require little mentoring and have the knowledge and skills that usually equate to a higher cost for the guest. Senior Stylists strive to make the client’s hair wishes come true, whether a cutting-edge style, a traditional cut or a hue to lift the spirits. Senior Stylists also mentor our New Talent and Studio Stylists and as well as serving clients, and usually are reserved by their loyal client base several months in advance. Many Senior Stylists are pursuing Educator roles trained by many prestigious professional product companies

Master Stylists – Serve in mentor roles in our salon. Master stylists are our most advanced level of stylists and have a large and loyal clientele who usually book a year in advance. Haircuts, color services and styles by Master Stylists often are the most expensive in the salon. Their expertise in using a variety of cutting, coloring and styling methods sets them apart. Attention to detail, creativity, and customer service is what you can expect from our Master Stylists. Many Master Stylists are serving as Educators to professional product companies and often train Service Providers outside of our salon, and have achieved several certifications in the most advanced techniques.